How Tax Is Calculated in Nigeria

Nigeria operates a progressive tax system. This means your income is taxed in stages, not all at once.

1. What Is a Progressive Tax System?

A progressive tax system means that different portions of your income are taxed at different rates. As your income increases, only the excess falls into higher tax brackets — not your entire income.

2. How Income Tax Works in Nigeria

Personal Income Tax in Nigeria is calculated annually and applies to income earned from salaries, wages, and self-employment.

The government uses a progressive tax system, meaning higher earners pay a higher rate — but only on the portion of income that exceeds lower bands.

Before tax rates are applied, a portion of your income may be exempt or tax-free, ensuring low-income earners are protected.

3. Tax-Free Threshold & Allowances

Under the revised tax law, the first ₦800,000 of annual income is completely tax-free.

This threshold replaces older allowance-based calculations and simplifies how tax is determined for individuals.

If your total annual income is ₦800,000 or less, you pay zero personal income tax.

💡 Important: Earning above ₦800,000 does not mean your entire income is taxed. Only the amount exceeding the tax-free threshold enters the taxable bands.

4. Example Calculation

If your annual taxable income is ₦3,000,000, it is split across brackets and taxed separately. The total tax is the sum of all bracket calculations.

This ensures fairness and prevents over-taxation.

5. Monthly vs Annual Tax

While tax is calculated annually, most salary earners pay monthly through PAYE. Employers divide the annual tax into 12 equal payments.

6. Who Collects the Tax?

  • FIRS handles federal taxes
  • State Internal Revenue Services handle PAYE
  • Self-employed individuals file returns personally

Want to see how this applies to your income?

Use the tax calculator to get an instant breakdown.

Tax rules may change. Always verify with FIRS or your State Internal Revenue Service.